Lubricants ABC
Additive or Active substance |
Active substances are added to base oils in order to achieve properties in the finished product, which are required for commercial lubrication. These additives are not already available in the base oil in order to still enhance positive properties or in order to eliminate unwanted properties or to at least suppress them. You can modify or improve properties through chemical and/or physical effect of lu-bricants, fuels, fuel oils etc. e.g. concerning oxidation stability, EP effect, foam formation, viscosity temperature behavior, solidifying point, liquidity, carburetor icing, intake system fouling, filtrability, ignition qualitys, knocking resistance etc.
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Adhesiveness Improver |
for strengthening of oil films on metal surfaces through structure viscous properties, combined mostly with increased viscosity adhesion. High-molecular hydrocarbons, high polymer combinations, aluminum soaps and so fourth, should cause an increase of oil inherent cohesion.
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Air Separation Properties |
especially important for turbine oils and hydraulics liquids; dispersed air pockets in oil can cause trouble e.g. influence compressibility and therefore cause hydraulic systems to fail: DIN 51381; determination of foaming behavior: DIN E 51 566
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Aluminium Complex Grease |
Lubricating grease with a very good water resistance, flowability, low oil separation, high dropping point (more than 230 °C), EP additives with a high load carrying capacity and an operating temperature range to approx. 160 °C.
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Aluminum soap lubricating grease |
Lubricating grease based on aluminum soap and mineral oil, good adhesion and good water resistance, low shear stability and a low dropping point of approx. 120 °C.
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American Society for Testing and Materials |
An American society for developing standards for materials and test methods.
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Anti Stick Slip Additives |
Additives which are added to transmission oils and other lubricants to modify their frictional characteristics and prevent reversed slip (stick-slip) e.g. from guideways to machine tools with slow-moving machine parts.
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Antioxidation Properties |
Serves for the assessment of the usability of lubricating oils for the application, e.g. for high pressure loads of CLP lubricating oils; the rise of cinematic viscosity in older test components as well as the increase of the precipitation number is measured: DIN 51586; Aging behavior of active substances in steam turbine and hydraulic oils: DIN 51587
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Antioxidation Properties |
Serves for the assessment of the usability of lubricating oils for the application, e.g. for high pressure loads of CLP lubricating oils; the rise of cinematic viscosity in older test components as well as the increase of the precipitation number is measured: DIN 51586; Aging behavior of active substances in steam turbine and hydraulic oils: DIN 51587
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Ash |
The organic substance left behind after a complete burning of inorganic components. Mineral residues which results as an oxide (oxide ash) or sulfate (sulfate ash after previous addition of sulphuric acid) while lubricants burn. Sulfate ash only for lubricating oils with metal-organic additives and used lubricating oils, ash from mineral oil: DIN 51575, EN 7, ash from lubricating greases: DIN 51803
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ASTM Colour Number |
Determination of the colour: DIN ISO 2049 - see colour number |
Ball Bearing Grease |
Lubricating grease for roller bearings are often lithium saponified lubricating grease as well as sodium soap lubricating grease for special fields of application, e.g. calcium soap lubricating grease is for applications with a very heavy water presence.
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Barium Complex Grease |
Lubricating grease with good high pressure properties and a good water resistance.
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Barium Grease |
Lubricating grease based on barium soaps and mineral oils and/or synthetic oils, water resistant and good shear stability, often have a poor low temperature behaviour.
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Base Oil |
Main component blended in mineral oils and/or synthetic oils and/or compound lubricating oils such as engine oils, gear oils and etc., or in products which contain a lubricating oil fraction e.g. lubricating greases. Type and amount of base oils in a product determine the lubricant properties such as the viscosity temperature behaviour, oxidation stability, responsiveness of the additives, penetration, friction behaviour and etc...
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Biologically degredable Lubricants |
In accordance with DIN 38412 for the biochemical breakdown of organic chemical combinations through microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa and higher organisms. The biological breakdown (Bio-oxidation) proceeds in different stages of formation from CO2, water, protein cell material and the increase of the microorganisms. On account of the technical requirement criteria and the biological breakdown of appropriately different test methods and the ecotoxicology compatibility, gives three groups for of rapid biodegradable lubricants. These include different polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils and special synthetic esters. These products can be used as a base oil for two stroke oils, chain saw oils, muffler and separation oils, adhesive lubricants, saw frame oils, spray oils, anti-corrosive oils, point lubricants, general lubricating oils, hydraulic oils, lubricating grease and etc.. Biodegradability: DIN E 51828-2 Rapid biodegradable hydraulic oils are defined in accordance with VDMA document 24 568 (requirements) and 24 569 (adaptation guidelines). |
Boiling Point |
Temperature at which a chemically homogeneous matter boils. |
Boundary Friction |
is the contact of the pairing of materials which occurs if the lubricating film is broken through or destroyed by the friction process. Friction ratio such as pressure or speed leads to the contact of materials, boundary friction is unavoidable with the starting up and with alternating directions of rotation since a supporting lubricating film must first be built up. |
Burning Point |
In accordance with DIN ISO 2592, the minimal temperature at which the vapor concentration of a combustible liquid is sufficient to sustain combustion by a flame for over five seconds, Cleveland Open Cup |
Calcium Grease |
Water resistant lubricating grease; very good sealing grease against water; applicable as cup grease, crank grease, roller grease, hydraulics lubricating grease, axle bearing grease from -20 ° to 70 °C; Calcium soap lubricating greases based on 12-Hydroxystearic acid are usable to approx. 120 °C. |
Cloudpoint |
The temperature at which a cloud of wax crystals appears in a fluid product under controlled test conditions in accordance with DIN ISO 3015. |
Colour Number |
Determination of colour scale for petroleum products such as lubricating oils, fuel oils, diesel fuel and paraffin in 16 colour numbers. Identification of colour: DIN ISO 2049, for mineral oil hydrocarbons and similar products. Colour according to: DIN ISO 2049 below colour number 0,5 is the determination of the Sayboldt colour number: DIN 51 411 |
Colour of Luboil |
The colouring of lubricating oils is dependent on origin, refining extent and oxidation. Most blended lubricating oils have a darker colour than neutral oils. Colour has no bearing on the quality characteristics. The determination of the colour is by means of the ASTM-Colorimeter: DIN ISO 2049, Sayboldt colour number: DIN 51 411 |
Conradson-Test (CCT) |
Determination of the amount of carbon residues in accordance with Conradson, intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensities. The sample (diesel fuel, fuel oil, lubricating oil, lubricating grease) is burned (charred) in a container with a deficiency of air. Remaining coke is indicated in percentage of the weight-in quantity. In the case of diesel fuels, the Conradson test certifies inferences to inclination for clogging up injectors, with fuel oil for coking of the cutting nozzles and with lubricating oils for the origin of residue formations: DIN 51551 |
Copper Strip Test |
Method for determination to what extent lubricating oils and lubricating greases affect copper corrosion; for mineral oils: DIN 51 759, for lubricating greases: DIN 51 811 |
Corrosion of Metals |
Describes the destruction of materials on account of chemical and electrochemical reactions with elements of the environment. |
Danger Risc Class / Hazard Class | ||
Classification of flammable liquids in: Group A: Fluids which do not have a flash point over 100 °C and do not show the qualities of group B with regard to water solubility: Liquids with a flash point under 21 °C: DIN 51755 Hazard class II: Liquids with a flash point from 21 °C to 55 °C: DIN 51755 Hazard class III: Liquids with a flash point of more than 55 °C to 100 °C: DIN 51758 group B: Liquids with a flash point under 21 °C, which dissolve in every every aspect at 15 °C in water OR flammable fluid components which dissolve in every aspect at 15 C° in water. Regulations for combustible liquids for storage, transportation (VbF), identification and etc., must be complied with. | ||
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Degree of Dispersion | ||
Describes the fineness of the particle size in a dispersion (e.g. suspension). The smaller the particle size is in a dispersion, the more translucent it appears. For cutting fluid emulsions/suspensions, depending on type, the particle size is between 0,1 and 10 µ m. | ||
Demulsification Properties | ||
Describes the ability of lubricating oils to deposit water and/or to prevent an emulsion, the testing of demulsifying properties of oils from oil-water mixtures for lubricating oils and hydraulics fluids based on mineral oil according to: DIN 51599, demulsifying properties: DIN ISO E 6614 | ||
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Density | ||
The density (r) of a mineral oil or of an similar material is established as a ratio from its mass (m) and its volume (V) at a specific temperature (t), it is dependent on the chemical formulation of a product. The density increases with products of the same type with increasing viscosity and with increasing quality of the refining degree: DIN 53757- r = m/V - see table SI units. |
Dispersant |
Active substance added to lubricating oils (in particular engine oils). Dispersant active substances have the ability to hold fine dispersed particles in suspension until they are filtered out and/or removed by an oil change. |
Dispersion |
Reference for a system of several phases which is continuously (dispersion medium) dispersed throughout a second substance (disperse phase), e.g. emulsions, aerosols, suspensions, general colloidal systems and etc... |
Drop Point |
Testing temperature at which a sample pours through the aperture of a nipple while warming and flows into the bottom of the testing tube, for lubricating greases: DIN ISO 2176 |
Dynamic Viscosity |
Absolute viscosity, is required for technical calculations: DIN 51550 - see viscosity - units: 1 (N´ s)/m² = 1 Pa´ pp = 10 poise = 1000 cP |
Emulsifying Cutting Fluids - see cutting fluids - |
Emulsion |
Intimate mixture of two liquids, generally of a milky or cloudy appearance. Emulsions may be of two types: oil-in water (where water is the continuous phase) and water-in-oil (where water is the discontinuous phase). |
Extreme Pressure Additive |
Lubricant additive that prevents sliding metal surfaces from seizing under conditions of extreme pressure. At the high local temperatures associated with metal-to-metal contact, an EP additive combines chemically with the metal to form a surface film that prevents the welding of opposing asperities, and the consequent scoring that is destructive to sliding surfaces under high loads. Reactive compounds of sulfur, chlorine, or phosphorus are used to form these inorganic films |
Extreme Pressure Lubricants |
Extreme pressure lubricants, such as lubricating oils or lubricating greases which contain EP active substances (polar or metal active additives and/or solid lubricants and so forth) in order to allow a higher load absorption, e.g. in engine oils, gear oils, hypoid gears oils, hydraulic oils, soluble oils and etc.. |
Flash Point |
Determines the lowest temperature an oil (and other hydrocarbons) will generate sufficient vapor to flash (ignite). Measurement occurs in an open and/or closed cup, in which the fluid is tested under controlled conditions for generation of a sufficient flammable vapor that momentarily ignites when a small flame is applied: DIN 51755-2, DIN ISO 2592, DIN pr EN 57 - also see fire point - |
Flock Point |
Identifies the temperature in °C at which waxy materials in a lubricating oil separate from a mixture of oil and freon giving a milky appearance to the mixture. Generally used to evaluate the tendency of refrigeration oils to plug expansion valves or capillaries in refrigerant systems: DIN 51 351 |
Flow Characteristics |
The flow characteristics (ability to flow) is dependent on the type of material, e.g. mineral oils, synthetic fluids, lubricating greases and etc.. Newton s, plastics, pseudoplastics, dilatancy and thixotropic flow characteristics can be distinguished |
Flow Pressure |
Identifies the necessary pressure in order to squeeze a strand of lubricating grease out of a testing nozzle under specific conditions. Measures for the consistency of a lubricating grease and identifies its pouring behaviour. Flow pressure of lubricating greases in accordance with Kesternich: DIN 51805 |
Flow Properties |
Behaviour of lubricating oils (fluidity) at temperatures under 0 °C. Determination of fluidity (U-tube method): DIN 51 568 |
Foaming |
Determination of foaming characteristics from lubricating oils: ISO 6247 |
Foaming of Mineral Oils |
The amount of oil foam that is formed under determined conditions (by blowing air through) measures the foaming tendency of an oil, determination of the air release properties: DIN 51 381, determination of foaming characteristics: ISO 6247 |
Four Ball Machine |
Oil testing device for the testing of EP lubricants, with four balls positioned in a pyramid-shape with the upper ball rotating on a vertical axis. The load can be increased until the balls weld (weld point), the load at N serves as a VKA value, for evaluation of the wearing characteristics, the scar diameter of the three stationary balls is measured in terms of an one-hour testing time: DIN 51350-1 /-2 /-3 |
Freezing Point |
Identifies the freezing point of aviation fuels, petroleum products and motor benzene: ISO 3013 |
FZG |
Research institutes for gears and transmissions. |
FZG-Test |
Mechanical test of gear lubricants in a gear tension testing machine to determine the maximum permissible load of lubricants, further characteristics such as flank smoothing, foaming tendency and corrosion behaviour are estimated by this test according to appearance. The outcome is in the achieved failure load stages (1-12, 12 = greatest load) as well as the specific wear in addition to further details specified: DIN 51354-1/- 2 (Also called Niemann four-square gear oil test.) |
Gear Grease |
Gear greases, in most cases are sodium bicarbonate saponified, but some are also AI- and Ca-soap greases. Thick to half fluid grease for gears (NLGI 0, 00, 000 and 1) and gear motors with single shaft seals, partially EP compounded, DIN 51826 Consistency classification for lubricating greases: DIN 51818 |
Gear Oil |
Lubricating oil for industrial gears: DIN 51509, 51517-1/-2/-3 (lubricating oils C, CL, CLP), for motor vehicle gears according to API GL 1 to GL 6, SAE classes: DIN 51512 |
Heat Traetment Oil |
Immersion of a heated manufactured steel part, such as a gear or axle, in a fluid to achieve rapid and uniform also called heat treating oil; it is used to cool metal parts during their manufacture, and is often preferred to water because the oil’s slower heat transfer lessens the possibility of cracking or warping of the metal. A quenching oil must have excellent oxidation stability and thermal stability , and should yield clean parts, essentially free of residue. In refining terms, a quenching oil is an oil introduced into high temperature vapors of cracked (see cracking) petroleum fractions to cool them. |
Heat Transfer Oil |
Temperature resistance and inoxidizable mineral oil or synthetic oil with a good flash point can be used as a heat transfer fluid for cooling or warming. Further relevant properties are the initial boiling point, flash point, vapour pressure, flowability and crack-temperature, heat transfer oils Q: DIN 51522 |
Hydraulic Fluid |
Fire resistant pressure fluid serving as the power transmission medium in a hydraulic system: VDMA 24317, 24320 and in accordance with requirements and tests for fire resistant fluids for hydraulic drives and controls of the commission of the European communities, 7th Luxembourg report (continuous committee for reliability in hard coal mining): ISO/DIS 6071, ISO/DP 6743 T 0 |
Hydraulic Oil |
Ageing-resistant fluid, non-foaming, highly refined pressure fluid made of mineral oil and/or synthetic oil with a low solidifying point for the use in hydraulic systems, mainly with hydrostatic drives; may be used in hydraulic systems with hydrodynamic drives, so far the requirements for these drives correspond to HL hydraulic oils (pressure fluids) made from mineral oils with active substances to increase corrosion protection and ageing resistance: DIN 51524 T 1 HLP are hydraulic oils (pressure fluids) made from mineral oil with active substances for increasing corrosion protection, aging resistance as well as reducing wear in the mixed friction area: DIN 51524-2, VDMA 24318 HVLP are hydraulic oils (pressure fluids) made from mineral oil with active substances for increasing the corrosion protection, aging resistance and for reducing wear in the mixed friction area as well as improving the viscosity thermal characteristics: DIN 51524-3 HLPD are hydraulic oils with detergent additives. |
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Industrial Lubricant |
Lubricating oil and lubricating grease for industrial aggregates and machines; classification in the: DIN 51 502, DIN ISO 6743 section 0 to 15 |
Kinematic Viscosity |
Determines the viscosity density ratio; is specified at 20 °C, 40 °C and 100 °C in mm²/s (cSt), DIN 51550 n = h/r =dynamic viscosity/density (mm ²/s) 1 centistokes = 1 cSt = 1 mm²/s= 1´ 10-6 m²/s |
Lithium Grease |
Lubricating greases which are set up by saponification of oils with Lithium-12-Hydroxystearic; good water resistance and great temperature range, high dropping point, operating temperature from -25 °C to 130 °C, on a short-term basis 140 °C. |
Low Temperature Characteristics |
Characteristics of mineral oil products which is described by the cloud point, filterabilty, fluidity, floc point, freezing point, crystallization point, pour point and cloud point. |
Lubricant for Construction and Civil Engineering Machinery |
Lubricants for engines, gears, hydraulics as well as transmission system oiling and lubricating greases for construction machinery: DIN 51 516 |
Lubricant with Adhasive Properties |
Lubricating oil with adhesiveness enhancement, viscous adhesiveness, often bituminous, high viscous lubricants. |
Lubricants |
Any substance interposed between two surfaces in relative motion for the purpose of reducing the friction and/or the wear between them. |
Lubricating Greases |
Mixture of a fluid lubricant (usually a petroleum oil) and a thickener (usually a soap) dispersed in the oil. Because greases do not flow readily, they are used where extended lubrication is required and where oil would not be retained. The thickener may play as important a role as the oil in lubrication. Soap thickeners are formed by reacting (saponifying) a metallic hydroxide, or alkali, with a fat, fatty acid, or ester. The type of soap used depends on the grease properties desired. Calcium (lime) soap greases are highly resistant to water, but unstable at high temperatures. Sodium soap greases are stable at high temperatures, but wash out in moist conditions. Lithium soap greases resist both heat and moisture. A mixed-base soap is a combination of soaps, offering some of the advantages of each type. A complex soap is formed by the reaction of an alkali with a high-molecular-weight fat or fatty acid to form a soap, and the simultaneous reaction of the alkali with a short-chain organic or inorganic acid to form a metallic salt (the complexing agent). Complexing agents usually increase the dropping point of grease. Lithium, calcium, and aluminum greases are common. alkalis in complex-soap greases. Non-soap thickeners, such as clays, silica gels, carbon black, and various synthetic organic materials are also used in grease manufacture. A multi-purpose grease is designed to provide resistance to heat, as well as water, and may contain additives to increase load-carrying ability and inhibit rust. |
Melting Point |
Temperature at which a solid body turns into the fluid state of matter when heated |
Metal Soap |
Metals and its compounds react with fatty acids and form metallic soaps which are used as EP additives in lubricating oils and as a thickening agent in lubricating greases. |
Metal Working Fluid |
Lubricant for the cooling and greasing of materials while cutting and in part while forming ; DIN 51385 divides into 0. cutting fluid 1. Non-water miscible cutting fluid 2. Water miscible cutting fluid of 2.1 emulsifiable cutting fluid 2.2 water-soluble cutting fluid 3. water mixed cutting fluid 3.1 cutting fluid emulsion (oil-in-water) 3.2 Determination of corrosion preventing characteristics of water mixed cooling lubricants: DIN 51360-1/-2; Stability of the emulsified metal working fluids: DIN 51367; Determination of the fraction separated by hydrochloric acid from water mix metal fluids: DIN 51368, pH-value of water mixed cooling lubricants: DIN 51369 |
Metal Working Oil |
General term for cutting oils, roller oils, drawing oils and bore oils, water miscible and non-water miscible, standard reference is cutting fluids; main tasks: depending on application, lubrication, cooling, chip transport, corrosion protection and etc. - see cutting fluids - |
Mineral Oils (Petroleum) |
Mineral oil products are derived from a mineral source, such as petroleum, extracted by fluid distillation and refined products which primarily consist of mixtures of saturated and a low volume of unsaturated hydrocarbons |
Mixed Friction |
Describes the friction state when boundary friction and fluid friction occur side by side/in sequence. The surface coarseness (rough peaks) are in part separated, however, contact leads to wear. |
Mould Oil |
(a) Oils for lubricating the interiors of moulds made of wood, metal or similar things for production of concrete, ceramic, pantiles and etc., in order to facilitate a good removal of the moulded object from the mould. |
Multi Purpose Gear Oils |
For use in shifting, auxiliary, hypoid gears in motor vehicles, tractors and construction machinery, provided that MIL specifications and/or API classifications are fulfilled and a good compatibility is given between different active substances (additives) with seals, non-ferrous metals, etc.. |
Multi Purpose Gear Oils |
For use in shifting, auxiliary, hypoid gears in motor vehicles, tractors and construction machinery, provided that MIL specifications and/or API classifications are fulfilled and a good compatibility is given between different active substances (additives) with seals, non-ferrous metals, etc.. |
Multi Purpose Greases |
Universally applicable lubricating greases for all grease lubrication points and meet their requirements, e.g. for use in plain and roller bearings with a temperature range from approx. -30 °C to 140 °C, as well as for applications with a large speed ratio |
Multi Purpose Oils |
Industrial lubricants that can be applied universally; through a special additive formulation the requirements of different machine tool aggregates are fulfilled, such as the requirements for cutting fluids and etc.. Therefore, if the aggregate requirements are fulfilled, they can be used as gear oils, guide-way oils, cutting fluids, hydraulic fluids in central lubricating systems and etc. |
Noack-Test |
Determines the evaporation losses of lubricating oils at high temperatures. |
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Oil Separation / Bleeding |
Lubricating greases stored for long periods of time or in elevated operating temperatures, can possibly have a low amount of oil separation. Normally this is of no significance, however larger amounts of oil must not separate. It would otherwise start a so-called bleeding. Determination of oil separation from greases under static conditions: DIN 51817 |
Oil Test Machinery |
Machinery for testing the lubricating properties of lubricating oils and greases; in particular for different operating characteristics and boundary friction, mixed friction, hydrodynamic lubrication, low and high temperatures and etc. |
Oxidation |
(a) Is the chemical combination of a substance with oxygen. All petroleum products are subject to oxidation, with resultant degradation of their composition and performance. The process is accelerated by heat, light, metal catalysts (e.g., copper), and the presence of water, acids, or solid contaminants. The first reaction products of oxidation are organic peroxides. Continued oxidation catalyzed by peroxides, forms alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and organic acids, which can be further oxidized to form high-molecular-weight, oil-insoluble polymers; these settle out as sludges, varnishes, and gums that can impair equipment operation. The organic acids formed from oxidation are corrosive to metals. |
Oxidation Characteristics |
Ageing characteristics of lubricating oils containing unalloyed and active substance, are measured for an increase in coke residue by the Conradson test after ageing with passing air through lubricating oil: DIN 51352-1, with passing air through the lubricating oil in the presence of F²O³ (for turbine oils, TDL): DIN 51352-2, for the determination of ageing characteristics of steam turbine oils and hydraulic oils containing additives, the increase in the acid value while treating oil with oxygen in the presence of water, steel and copper is ascertained: DIN 51587 |
Oxidation Tests |
Testing the ageing tendency of lubricating oils, fuels and lubricating greases in the presence of catalysts at raised temperatures: DIN 51554-1 /-2 /-3; 51 394; for petrol: DIN 51780; EN 9; for aviation petrol: DIN 51799; for lubricating greases: DIN 51808; for turbine governor fluids: DIN 51 373 |
Oxide Ash |
Applies mainly for fresh oils without additives and/or used with ash free additives and serves for an evaluation of the degree of purity. |
PH Value |
Measure of hydrogen (H)-ion concentration in an aqueous solution for the acidity and/or the alkaline reaction: pH-value = 7: neutral; pH > 7: alkaline; pH < 7: acid; important for inspection purposes of water miscible cutting fluids; Measurement by means of pH-paper or electrical pH-measuring instrument: DIN 51369 |
Pittings |
Pit type appearances on gear tooth surfaces due to fatigue of material; in the pitch circle zone, small flaws form and later develop into small pits and holes at the surface. |
Polyalpha Olefines |
Term for synthetic hydrocarbons which are made by means of the hydrocracking process from paraffin gatsch under utilisation of a specific catalyst technology (polymerisation and copolymerisation of low olefins). |
Pourpoint (Pp) |
Is the lowest temperature at which an oil still flows when chilled under specified conditions. Determination of the pour point: DIN ISO 3016 |
Rust |
Rust or corrosion is the simultaneous attack on the surface of steel and iron from oxygen and moisture. |
Shear Stability |
Viscosity index enhancers (oil soluble polymers) are added for improvement of the viscosity temperature characteristics in lubricating oils, hydraulic oils and etc.,. These polymeric molecules are partially in huge molecular formations (macro-molecules) in high temperature ranges. They then change their molecular structure and/or break apart while effecting shearing forces while they are present in gear or hydraulic systems. In this manner, a more or less large viscosity loss occurs. Determination of shear stability of lubricating oils: DIN 51382, CEC L-14-A-88, L-25-A-78, L-37-T-85, L-45-T-92. |
SKF Grease Test Machine |
Mechanically dynamic test for characteristics of roller bearing greases at different temperatures and rotation speeds: DIN E 51806-1 /-2 |
Sodium Complex Grease |
Has good lubricating properties, a good adhesive ability and an especially minimal oil separation, therefore especially good for high-speed bearings. It however, is water sensitive NLGI National Lubricating Grease Institute NLGI Class NLGI Class consistency classification (penetration classes) for lubricating greases: DIN 51818 NLGI class cone penetration in accordance with DIN ISO 2137 by a tenth of a millimeter (0,1 mm) 000 lubricants 445 to 475 00 400 to 430 0 355 to 385 1 combination grease 310 to 340 2 265 to 295 3 220 to 250 4 normal grease 175 to 205 5 130 to 160 6 solid grease 85 to 115. |
Spark Erosion Oil |
Used for electrical discharge machining of very hard metals as a dielectric. It must have a good isolation, cool tool and workpieces and should be easily ionized. Minimal evaporation tendency, high flash point, oxidation stability, skin and seal compatibility, chemically neutral, highly refined, low aromatics are some of the good points that distinguish this products. The viscosity is at approx. 2 to 4,5 mm²/s at 40 °C. |
Specification |
Regulations for lubricants and fuels in which physical and chemical properties as well as testing methods are determined. |
Steel Rolling Oil |
Special metal working oils, that can be used while cold-rolling to facilitate feed of the metal between the work rolls i.e. the lubrication and cooling during rolling out. |
Symbol for Environmentally Compatible Products |
Environmental symbol that is assigned by the Umweltbundesamt (Federal Office for Environment Protection) in accordance with the guidelines of the RAL for products with integrated ecological consideration, in comparison to conventional alternatives for the same applications with far more positive environmental features. For lubricants, the following allocation basics for environmental signs were published: <br> rapid biodegradable chain lubricants for power saws RAL-UZ 48 <br> rapid biodegradable lubricants and moulding oils RAL-UZ 64 <br> rapid biodegradable hydraulics fluids RAL-UZ 79 |
Synthetic Lubricants |
Lubricants developed for applications with exeptional high requirements. Synthetic lubricants can be used at special requirements for high temperature - / low temperature performance, high oxidationstability, high pressure conditions, special viscosity/temperature behaviour, biodegradable, flexible oil change intervall, etc. |
Timken Test Rig |
Grease testing machine to determine the high pressure properties of lubricants (wear verifier). |
Tribology |
Tribology represents the scientific research and the technical application of friction, wear and lubrication in reguards to design, material, official regulations and so etc.. |
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Tribotechnology |
Tribotechnology is for the advancement of tribology as well as with the quality maintenance of machines and tools, the simplification of the lubricant application, the minimization of energy losses, environmental concerns, low-cost production and dedicated programmed maintenance |
Turbine Oil |
Steam turbine oil, is a highly refined, ageing-resistant mineral oil for the lubrication and cooling of steam turbine gears, governors and bearings as well as gear driven machines e.g. generators, compressors and pumps. Water turbine oil is a ageing stable, non-emulsifying lubricating oil for water turbines. |
Viscosity Index |
It is a computationally determined number of a scale for the viscosity change of a mineral oil and/or synthetic oil product with temperature characteristics. A high viscosity index characterizes a smaller change of viscosity than a lower viscosity index with the temperature, and vice versa. Calculation of the VI from kinematic viscosity: DIN ISO 2909, ASTM D 2270 |
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Water Stability |
Test on the behaviour of greases in the presence of water at different temperatures DIN 51807-1/-2 |
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White Oils |
Highly refined, transparent or slightly yellowish mineral oils, white oils not intended for medicinal use are known as technical white oils: Paraffin subliquidum and Paraffin perliquidum, must correspond the rules DAB 10. |
